These writing terms address common errors. For more, including correct punctuation and organization, consult a good writing handbook or the Online Writing Lab at an amazing resource for all kinds of writing questions:

http://owl.english.purdue.edu

Thesis

Preferably in your first paragraph, a statement not of fact, but a sharply focused observation that demands proof. Evidence validating your thesis, of course, is what your paper will provide.

Citation

The author and other bibliographic information you provide in a paper, to acknowledge the source of ideas and quotes you discover in researching a paper topic.

Sentence fragments

Word groups that pretend to be a sentence. Like this.

Coordination

To avoid sentence fragments, join the word group to an independent clause, i.e. another sentence, with a comma; or, where appropriate, with a coordinating conjunction such as and, but, or, for, so, yet; or with a semicolon. Coordination is also a good way to avoid choppy—too short—sentences. Join independent clauses, i.e. word groups that can stand alone as sentences.

Subordination

Another remedy for choppiness and “frags.” Attach and subordinate lesser ideas by using words like “although,” “after,” “unless,” “which,” “because.”

Fused sentences

Using a comma where there should be a period (“comma splice”), or running one sentence into another sentence with no punctuation (a “run-on”).

Parallelism

Ideas in a single sentence expressed in a balanced form: single words with single words; phrases with phrases (“I came, I saw, I conquered”).

Pronoun problems

Confusion arises when a pronoun could refer to two possible antecedents, or when reference by “this” is too broad. Replace the pronoun with a concrete noun.

Passive verbs

The subject receives the action (“The ball was caught by Hernando”).

Active verbs

Usually strengthen your writing: the subject does the action (“Hernando caught the ball.”).

Transition

A sentence or phrase at the start of each new paragraph indicating some connection to the preceding paragraph—and, ideally, to the thesis, too.

Source: http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/hacker/writersref